• • • The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was a major international celebrated in the tradition of the, as governed by the (IOC). It took place in and to a lesser extent across the United Kingdom from 25 July to 12 August 2012. The first event, the in began on 25 July at the in, followed by the opening ceremonies on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 (NOCs) participated. Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion and then-, London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the in, defeating bids from,,, and. London became the first city to host the modern Olympic Games, having previously done so in and in.

Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on. The main focus was a new 200-hectare (490-acre), constructed on a former industrial site.

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The Games also made use of that already existed before the bid. The Games received widespread acclaim for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly. The, directed by, received widespread acclaim throughout the world, particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites. During the Games, became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal.,, and entered female athletes for the first time, so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games. Women's boxing was included for the first time, thus the Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of. The final medal tally was led by the, followed by and host.

Several world and Olympic records were set at the games. Though there were several controversies, the 2012 games were deemed highly successful with the rising standards of competition amongst nations across the world, packed stadiums and smooth organisation. Furthermore, the focus on sporting legacy and post-games venue sustainability was seen as a blueprint for future Olympics. Main article: By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the (IOC), nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics:,,,,,,,, and. On 18 May 2004, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, the IOC reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris. All five submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004 and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005.

The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team,, would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances. – the head of the London 2012 bid Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years. London was initially seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin. Its position began to improve after the appointment of as the new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004. In late August 2004, reports predicted a tie between London and Paris. On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities.

They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations.

On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, said, 'I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less.' On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in.

Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two contenders were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes to Paris' 50. The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by less than 24 hours after the announcement. 2012 host city election – ballot results City NOC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 22 27 39 54 21 25 33 50 20 32 31 — 19 17 — — 15 — — — Development and preparation [ ]. Main article: The (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games after the success of the bid, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005.

The committee, chaired by, was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the (ODA) was in charge of the construction of the venues and infrastructure. The latter was established in April 2006. The (GOE), a unit within the (DCMS), was the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. It focused on oversight of the Games, cross-programme programme management and the before and after the Games that would benefit London and the United Kingdom. The organisation was also responsible for the supervision of the £9.3 billion of public sector funding.

In August 2011, security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London due to the, with a few countries expressing fear over the safety of the Games, in spite of the 's assurance that the riots would not affect the Games. The IOC's Coordination Commission for the 2012 Games completed its tenth and final visit to London in March 2012. Its members concluded that 'London is ready to host the world this summer'. The on the in Dorset hosted the events The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games used a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as and. After the Games, some of the new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, while others will be resized or relocated. The majority of venues have been divided into three zones within: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone.

In addition there are a few venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the some 125 mi (201 km) southwest of London, which hosted the events. The football tournament was staged at several grounds around the UK. Work began on the Park in December 2006, when a sports hall in was pulled down. The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011. In November 2004, the 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans were revealed. The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest. The redevelopment of the area to build the Olympic Park required orders of property.

The London Development Agency was in dispute with about the orders in November 2005. By May 2006, 86% of the land had been bought as businesses fought eviction. Residents who opposed the eviction tried to find ways to stop it by setting up campaigns, but they had to leave as 94% of land was bought and the other 6% bought as a £9 billion regeneration project started.

Aerial view of the in April 2012 There were some issues with the original venues not being challenging enough or being financially unviable. Both the Olympic road races and the mountain bike event were initially considered to be too easy, so they were eventually scheduled on new locations. The, which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall, since closing Tower Bridge was deemed to cause traffic problems in central London.

Was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead. Test events were held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as or as a specially created event held under the banner of.

Team GB House was the British Olympic Association's operational HQ up to and during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games. Designed by architects on the top floor of an office building in Westfield Stratford City, it combined the team HQ, athletes' 'Friends and Family' lounge, Press Centre and VIP lounge. Public transport [ ]. The service ran between and, via London's public transport scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation; however, it felt that, if the improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope.

(TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the 's, upgrades to the and the, and the introduction of a new ' high-speed rail service. According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day. During the Games, was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before the Games), westbound trains did not stop at, and closed entirely during the Games. The crosses the between and the TfL also built a £25 million across the, called the, to link 2012 Olympics venues. It was inaugurated in June 2012, and crosses the Thames between and the, carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour, cutting journey times between the and the and providing a crossing every 30 seconds. The plan was to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event, and 93% of them within 30 minutes of their event.

The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. In addition, LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport. Two park-and-ride sites off the with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars were 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in with a capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle train service. To get spectators to, four park-and-ride schemes were set up. Olympic rings marked on a street, indicating that the lane was reserved for the use of Olympic athletes and staff.

TfL defined a network of roads leading between venues as the; roads connecting between all of the Olympic venues located within London. Many of these roads also contained special 'Olympic lanes' marked with the Olympic rings—reserved for the use of Olympic athletes, officials, and other VIPs during the Games. Members of the public driving in an Olympic lane were subject to a fine of £130. Additionally, London buses would not include roads with Olympic lanes on their routes. The painting of Olympic lane indicators in mid-July led to confusion from commuters, who wrongly believed that the Olympic lane restrictions had already taken effect (they were to take effect on 27 July). The experienced traffic jams due to drivers avoiding the Olympic lane, and likewise on a section of, where the only lanes available in one direction were the Olympic lane and the bus lane. Concerns were expressed at the logistics of spectators travelling to the events outside London.

In particular, the at had no direct motorway connections, and local roads are heavily congested by tourist traffic in the summer. However, a £77 million relief road connecting Weymouth to Dorchester was built and opened in 2011. Some £16 million was put aside for the rest of the improvements. TfL created a promotional campaign and website, Get Ahead of the Games, to help provide information related to transport during the Olympics and Paralympics.

Through the campaign, TfL also encouraged the use of cycling as a mode of transport during the Games. However, despite this encouragement to use bicycles, members of the public protested that riding bikes on London roads would be more dangerous due to the blocked Olympic lanes, and also protested against a decision to close the during the Olympics and Paralympics due to security concerns. International transport [ ] The 2012 games were a unique operational task and a massive challenge for Heathrow airport. [ ] A temporary terminal was created at Heathrow Airport, to be used by 10,100 departing athletes after the games. Up to 35% more bags than normal were expected on 13 August, which was predicted to be the busiest day in the airport's history, according to Nick Cole, head of Olympic and Paralympic planning at Heathrow. [ ] Cost and financing [ ] A study from Oxford University found that the sports-related costs of London 2012 was USD 15 billion, compared to USD 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, USD 40-44 billion for Beijing 2008 and USD 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Cost per athlete was USD 1.4 million.

This does not include wider costs for urban and transport infrastructure, which often cost as much or more than the sports-related costs. In 2005 London secured the bid for the 2012 Summer Games with a cost estimate that two years later proved inadequate and was revised upwards with around 100 percent. Then, when it turned out that the final outturn costs were slightly below the revised budget, the organizers falsely, but very publicly, claimed that the London Games had come in under budget. Main media, including the BBC, reported the false claim as true. In fact, London 2012 went over budget by 76% in real terms, measured from bid to completion.

The costs of mounting the Games were separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure, and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games were privately funded, the venues and Park costs were met largely by public money.

According to The Wall Street Journal, the original budget for the Games was increased to about £9.3 billion ($15.28 billion USD) in 2007. The revised figures were announced to the on 15 March 2007. Along with East End regeneration costs, the breakdown was: • Building the venues and infrastructure — £5.3 billion. • Elite sport and Paralympic funding — £400 million. • Security and policing — £600 million. • Regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley — £1.7 billion.

• Contingency fund — £2.7 billion. Volunteers [ ] Unpaid volunteers known as Games Makers performed a variety of tasks before and during the Games. A target of 70,000 volunteers was set as early as 2004. When recruitment took place in 2010, over 240,000 applications were received. Sebastian Coe said in February 2012, 'Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them'. The volunteers wore clothing which included purple and red polo shirts and jackets, beige trousers, grey socks and grey-and-white which they collected from the. Volunteers also wore photo accreditation badges which were also worn by officials, athletes, family members and media which gain them access to specific venues and buildings around the site.

Ticketing [ ] Organisers estimated that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games, and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games. LOCOG aimed to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales.

There were also free events such as marathon, triathlon and road cycling, although, for the first time in Olympic history, the sailing events were ticketed. Eventually, more than 7,000,000 tickets were sold. Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country.

In Great Britain, ticket prices ranged from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Some free tickets were given to military personnel as part of the Tickets For Troops scheme, as well as to survivors and families of those who died during. Initially, people were able to apply for tickets via a website from 15 March until 26 April 2011. There was a huge demand for tickets, with a demand of over three times the number of tickets available. The process was widely criticised as more than 50% of the sessions went to a random ballot, and over half the people who applied got no tickets. On 11 May 2012 a round of nearly one million 'second chance' tickets went on sale over a 10-day period between 23 June and 3 July 2011.

About 1.7 million tickets available for football and 600,000 for other sports (including archery, field hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball). Although technical difficulties were encountered, ten sports had sold out by 8 am of the first day. Countdown [ ]. The Countdown Clock in During the, the was formally handed over from the to the. This was followed by a section highlighting London, One month later, the Olympic and were raised outside the. A countdown clock in was unveiled, 500 days before the Games.

The clock broke down the following day, but was later fixed. It is a two-sided clock with the Paralympic countdown on the other side. The countdown to the start of the Olympics began with a ceremony for the lighting of the Olympic flame in.

Security [ ]. See also: The security operation was led by the police, with 10,000 officers available, supported by 13,500 members of the. And assets, including ships situated in the, jets and surface-to-air missiles, were deployed as part of the security operation; the biggest security operation Britain had faced for decades.

The cost of security increased from £282 million to £553 million, and the figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel was more than Britain currently had deployed in Afghanistan. The Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines carried out security exercises in preparation for the Olympics on 19 January 2012, with 50 marine police officers in rigid inflatables and fast response boats, joined by up to 100 military personnel and a Lynx Navy helicopter.

The distributed leaflets to residents of the Lexington building in, announcing that a missile system was to be stationed on top of the water tower. This caused concern to some residents. The Ministry said it probably would use missiles and that site evaluations had taken place, but that no final decision had taken place. Medals of London 2012 Olympics Approximately 4,700 were produced by the. They were designed by (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics). 99% of the gold, silver and copper was donated by Rio Tinto from a mine in in the U.S.

The remaining 1% came from a mine. Each medal weighs 375–400 g (13.2–14.1 oz), has a diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) and is 7 mm (0.28 in) thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim. The obverse, as is traditional, features, the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from the that hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, with Parthenon in the background; the reverse features the Games logo, the and a series of lines representing 'the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together'.

The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage. Each gold medal is made up of 92.5 percent silver and 1.34 percent gold, with the remainder copper. The silver medal (which represents second place) is made up of 92.5 percent silver, with the remainder copper.

The bronze medal is made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc and 0.5 percent tin. The value of the materials in the gold medal is about £410 (US $644), the silver about £210 (US $330), and the bronze about £3 (US $4.71) as of 30 July 2012.

Blair Witch 2 Rapidshare. Torch relay [ ]. The in The Olympics torch relay ran from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before the Games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011.

On 18 May 2012 the arrived at in from Greece on flight BA2012, operated by a named 'Firefly'. On the flight the flame was carried inside 4 miners lamps supplied by of Eccles, Greater Manchester. The relay lasted 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations and six island visits, and involved some 8,000 people carrying the torch about 8,000 mi (12,875 km), starting from in Cornwall. The torch had three days outside the United Kingdom when it visited the on 2 June, in Ireland, on 6 June, and both and on 15 July. The relay focused on National Heritage Sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), and festivals and other events. Was the only Region in the whole of the United Kingdom that had the Olympic Torch pass through it twice. A group of young athletes, nominated by retired Olympic athletes, ran the torch around the stadium.

These torchbearers were Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt,, Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds, and. Together the torchbearers each lit a petal which spread the fire to the 204 petals of the, representing the countries that participated in the games. Environmental policy [ ] The was planned to incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes, and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks were enhanced as part of the process. Renewable energy also features at the Olympics. It was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, this may now be as little as 9%. [ ] Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and in the River Thames.

These plans were scrapped for safety reasons. The focus has since moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste. Food packaging at the Olympics is made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based – where it cannot be re-used or recycled. This includes fast food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they have been used, many of these materials would be suitable for (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy. Buildings like the will be relocated elsewhere.

Building Parts like Roofing Covers and membranes of different temporary venues will be recycled via. This allows to meet the standards of the, concerning environmental protection. Through this recycling process, the Olympic Games PVC Policy is fulfilled. It says that Where London 2012 procures PVC for temporary usage or where permanent usage is not assured, London 2012 is required to ensure that there is a take-back scheme that offers a closed loop reuse system or mechanical recycling system for post-consumer waste.

'The majority of temporary facilities created for the Olympic Games including the temporary stands, basketball arena,, and the shooting facilities at the, are essentially big tents. Basically PVC stretched over lightweight steel frame. This design solution makes them efficient to install, reduces the need for any significant foundations and are, of course, reusable. We were challenged by the public around the use of PVC; but we considered it to be the right material for certain functions.

We therefore challenged the PVC supply chain to have certain environmental performance criteria in place, including a take back and recycle scheme' says Kirsten Henson, Materials Manager for the London 2012 Olympic Park. London 2012 are the first Olympic Games whose guidelines include the recycling of PVC.

Cultural Olympiad [ ]. Tower Bridge illuminated with the Olympic Rings during the week leading up to the Opening Ceremony The, the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and for governing the Olympic Movement, states that LOCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the is open.

The Cultural Olympiad comprises many programmes, with over 500 events spread over four years across the whole of the United Kingdom, and culminating in the. Opening ceremony [ ]. Fireworks at the opening ceremony The opening ceremony officially began at 9:00 pm British Summer Time (UTC+1) on 27 July in the Olympic Stadium and called 'Isles of Wonder'.

Oscar-winning director was its artistic director, with music direction by of. The Games were officially opened by, accompanied. It was the second Games the Queen had opened personally, the first being in in. The ceremony included a short comic film starring as secret agent and the Queen as herself, and another starring as. Live musical performers included,,, the,,, and who performed ' as the closing act. The ceremony transmitted live on BBC One attracted a peak viewing audience of over 27 million in the UK (about half of the population).

Closing ceremony [ ]. The, the Dutch home in. During the Games some countries and continents had a national house. These temporary meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers were located throughout London. Nation Location Name Africa Austria Belgium Brazil Czech Republic in Denmark France Club France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Jamaica Kenya East Thames in Stratford Korea Monaco Netherlands New Zealand, Kings Cross Kiwi House Nigeria Russia, Slovakia 80 Haymarket South Africa South Pacific Switzerland Trinidad & Tobago Source Sports [ ] The 2012 Summer Olympic programme featured 26 sports encompassing 39 disciplines and 302 events. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

• Aquatics • (8) • (34) • (2) • (2) • (4) • (47) • (5) • (2) • (13) • • Sprint (12) • Slalom (4) • () • BMX (2) • Mountain biking (2) • Road (4) • Track (10) • • Dressage (2) • Eventing (2) • Jumping (2) • (10) • (2) • (2) • • Artistic (14) • Rhythmic (2) • Trampoline (2) • (2) • (14) • (2) • (14) • (10) • (15) • (4) • (8) • (5) • (2) • • Volleyball (2) • Beach volleyball (2) • (15) • • Freestyle (11) • Greco-Roman (7) Women's boxing was included in the programme for the first time, and 36 women competed in three weight classes. There was a for the shooting events, which would otherwise have been illegal under.

In tennis, mixed doubles returned to the Olympic programme for the first time since 1924. London's bid featured the same 28 sports that had been included in other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop and from the 2012 Games two days after it had selected London as the host city. There was an appeal, but the IOC voted to uphold the decision, and the two sports were last scheduled for the. The IOC then voted on whether or not to replace them. They considered,,, and. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority.

Although formal were eliminated after the 1992 Summer Olympics, special tournaments for non-Olympic sports can be run during the Games, such as the at the 2008 Summer Olympics. There were attempts to run and tournaments alongside the 2012 Games, but neither campaign was successful. Calendar [ ] All times are in (). Further information: A total of 85 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) won medals, 54 of those countries winning at least one gold medal.,,,, (a gold medal),, and won their first ever Olympic medals. The finished at the top of the table winning 46 gold medals and winning 103 medals overall.

Finished second with 38 gold medals and 88 medals overall. Hosts came in third place winning 29 gold medals and 65 medals overall in their best performance since hosted its first Summer Olympic Games back in pushing into fourth place who won 20 gold medals although they won 69 medals (4 more than ) overall.

2012 Summer Olympics medal table Rank NOC Gold Silver Bronze Total 1 (USA)‡ 46 28 29 103 2 (CHN)‡ 38 31 22 91 3 (GBR)* 29 17 19 65 4 (RUS)‡ 20 19 30 69 5 (KOR)‡ 13 9 8 30 6 (GER)‡ 11 20 13 44 7 (FRA)‡ 11 11 13 35 8 (AUS)‡ 8 15 12 35 9 (ITA) 8 9 11 28 10 (HUN)‡ 8 4 6 18 11–85 110 140 190 440 Total (85 NOCs) 302 303 353 958 Key * Host nation (Great Britain) ‡ See: Changes in medal standings Broadcasting [ ]. The in June 2011 The host broadcaster was (OBS), an agency of the IOC.

The OBS used its own cameras, and crews subcontracted from other Olympic broadcasters, to cover the events. The base video and audio were sold to other broadcasters, who added their own and presentation.

The official recording format of the 2012 Olympic Games used 's digital technologies. The official video was produced and distributed from the in 1080/50i High-Definition (HD) format. Panasonic announced that DVCPRO HD would be the official recording format. OBS London used HD shoulder-mount camcorders.

The IOC's wanted television coverage to reach as broad a worldwide audience as possible, and London 2012 was covered by several national and regional broadcasters. In the UK, the carried the Olympics and the Paralympics.

The BBC aimed to broadcast all 5,000 hours of the Games. 's channel was suspended, 's on-air time was extended so that it could show Olympic events in the daytime, and 24 additional BBC Olympics channels were available via cable, satellite and the internet in the UK. The US television rights, owned by, accounted for over half the rights revenue for the IOC.

Thousands of Americans, however, accessed the BBC's omnibus coverage using. Despite high viewership, many viewers were disappointed with NBC's coverage. The operations of broadcasters granted rights to the Games were hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park. YouTube planned to stream the Games in 64 territories in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa where there were no official broadcasters. In a dispute occurred between and as to who was the official broadcaster of the Games. This problem was caused as had offered the official broadcasting rights to both networks, as both of the networks were ABU members. So SLRC filed a case against MBC Networks for broadcasting rights at the Colombo Magistrate's Court.

Considering the case, the court issued a special court order preventing MBC Networks' Olympic broadcast and stated that SLRC should be the sole broadcaster. However, when the Games started, both networks broadcast most of the events simultaneously.

Another dispute had previously occurred between and SLRC, but the Sports Minister, Mahindananda Aluthgamage, had stated that SLRC had the exclusive rights. Marketing [ ]. Main article: ' by was announced as the official song of the Olympics, to be played by international broadcasters reporting on the Games. In August 2009, the commissioned artists and illustrators to design 30 stamps, which were released in batches of 10 between 2009 and 2011. The last ones were released on 22 July 2011. Two £5 coins designed by have been made to commemorate the Olympics. As with other Olympics since 1952, the Royal Mint will strike a set of commemorative one-kilogram gold and silver coins.

Logo and graphics [ ] There have been two London 2012 logos: one created by Kino Design for the bidding process and a second as the brand for the Games themselves. The former was a ribbon with blue, yellow, black, green and red stripes winding through the text 'LONDON 2012', making the shape of the River Thames in East London. The latter, designed by, was published on 4 June 2007.

It is a representation of the number 2012, with the embedded within the zero. The logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for the main logo design Public reaction to the main logo in a June 2007 BBC poll was largely negative; more than 80% of votes gave it the lowest possible rating.

Several newspapers ran their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers, and several writers from news agencies criticised the logo. A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with, and a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website in response. It was suggested that the logo resembled the cartoon character performing on her brother. In February 2011, threatened to boycott the Olympics, complaining that the logo appeared to spell out the word '.

Mohit Chauhan Movie Songs Download. However, this boycott did not occur. The official London 2012 Olympic typeface was called Headline 2012 and also suffered some criticism.

Journalist Simon Garfield made it number 1 in the list of the '8 Worst Fonts in the World' in his 2010 book, commenting that 'the uncool font is based on jaggedness and crudeness', although he conceded that it was 'a brilliant piece of corporate branding'. The magazine pointed out that the typeface was intended for 'awareness, impact and memorability as a headline typeface' rather than elegance or readability in long sections of text. The Olympic Mascots, Mandeville (left) and Wenlock (right) The for the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010. Are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in.

They are named after, a town in Shropshire that holds, and, a village in Buckinghamshire where of the was first held. The writer wrote the story concept for the mascots, and an animation was produced. Two stories have been created about the mascots: Out Of A Rainbow and Adventures On A Rainbow. Magazine liked the mascots, but elsewhere their design was greeted with some disdain. One columnist jested that they were the product of a 'drunken between a Teletubby and a '.

Others have compared them to, the much disparaged mascot of the. Still others have likened them to from.

However, the mascots' creators claim that young people find the duo appealing. Chariots of Fire [ ] The 1981 –winning film, which tells the story of two British athletes in the, was a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 Olympics. A digitally re-mastered version of Chariots of Fire was released on 13 July 2012 and screened in over 100 UK cinemas as part of the celebrations, and a ran in London theatres from 9 May 2012 to 5 January 2013. The film's was performed during the by the, conducted. The performance was accompanied by a comedic skit by, which included the opening beach-running footage from the film.

A new orchestration of the film's theme tune was played during each of the Games. Sponsors [ ]. Main article: During the lead-up to the Games, there were controversies over sponsorship, the athletes' use of social media, and several political issues. After a complicated lottery process, thousands of people failed to secure seats for the events they wanted, but a large number of empty seats were observed throughout the games, even at some of the most popular events. There was speculation that this was due to a failure of corporate sponsors to make use of tickets they had received. During the Games, eight competitors in the were disqualified for 'not using best efforts', when they tried to lose matches in the group stage to obtain more favourable fixtures in the knockout rounds. A number of results in boxing, gymnastics and judo were overturned by officials after initial decisions were appealed against.

Faced doping allegations after her gold medal in the women's 400m Individual Medley as she came from being behind the world record in the final 50m to beating it by 1.02 seconds. Furthermore, her last 50m was swum 0.17 seconds quicker than the men's winner,.

All charges have since been dropped and cleared for the athlete. Drug testing [ ]. Main article: It was announced before the Summer Games that half of all the competitors would be tested for drugs, with 150 scientists set to take 6,000 samples between the start of the Games and the end of the Paralympic Games. Every competitor who won a medal was also tested. The Olympic laboratory tested up to 400 samples every day for more than 240 prohibited substances. Albanian weightlifter was the first athlete to be tested positive.

Gymnast and runner were also suspended. Was the first athlete to be stripped of a medal, when she tested positive for. Was therefore awarded the gold medal in. On 15 June 2016, it was announced that four London 2012 Olympic weightlifting champions have tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs. They include Kazakhstan's (94 kg), (53 kg), (63 kg) and (75 kg).

If confirmed, Kazakhstan would drop from 12th to 23rd in the 2012 medal standings. Six other lifters who competed at the 2012 Games also tested positive after hundreds of samples were reanalysed. Among them are Russia's (silver at 85 kg), Ukraine's (bronze at 58 kg), Belarusian (bronze at 69 kg), Azerbaijan's and Belarus duo and. On 27 July 2016, IWF has reported in the second wave of re-sampling that three silver medalists from Russia, namely (at 75 kg), (at 94 kg) and (at 63 kg), together with bronze medalists Armenian (at 75+ kg), Belarusian (at 75 kg) and Moldovan (at 53 kg) have tested positive for steroid. Spanish weightlifter Lidia Valentin () stands to be awarded an Olympic gold medal after the disqualifications of the athletes that finished above her – champion (Kazakhstan), silver medalist (Russia) and (Belarus). On 13 July 2016, the IOC announced that of Ukraine has been disqualified from the 2012 Summer Olympics and ordered to return the bronze medal from the.

Reanalysis of Kalina's samples from London 2012 resulted in a positive test for the prohibited substance (). The positions were adjusted accordingly. On 9 August 2016, the IOC announced that of Ukraine would be stripped of his silver medal in the after he tested positive for the prohibited substance (turinabol). Redistribution of medals has not yet been announced, but the likely case is the silver and bronze medals will be given to Finland and Czech Republic instead. On 20 August 2016, the IOC announced that of Russia would be stripped of her silver medal in after she tested positive of dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol) and. Medals are not reallocated yet. On 29 August 2016, some non-official reports indicated, of Russia was stripped of his silver medal in in freestyle wrestling.

The Wrestling Federation of India admitted to having been informed about the decision but is waiting for a written confirmation from the International Olympic Committee before making an official statement. However, in October, the IOC revealed no action could be taken since the relevant rules do not allow any disciplinary proceedings against a deceased person On 1 February 2017, Russia were stripped of the 4 × 400 m relay silver that they won at London 2012 after sprinter tested positive for steroid turinabol. See also [ ] • • • •, a comedy mockumentary featuring a fictional London Olympics committee The two previous times the Games were held in London: • • References [ ]. • Rosner, Scott; Shropshire, Kenneth L. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

External links [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for.

Wikinews has related news: • • Official •. International Olympic Committee. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown () • News media • at •.. • at • at Preceded by Summer Olympic Games London XXX Olympiad (2012) Succeeded.

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